9Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi – Syria (circa 727 AD)

Located in the Syrian desert, this Umayyad-era castle was more than just a military outpost. It functioned as a caravanserai, residence, and hunting lodge for caliphs.

  Its geometric design and intricate decorative features represent early Islamic architecture and urban planning. Though partially ruined, it provides valuable insight into life and governance in early Islamic society.

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