4Chichen Itza, Mexico
Chichen Itza, an ancient Maya city located on the Yucatan Peninsula, is a prominent example of Maya architecture and astronomical knowledge. Founded around 600 CE, the site features a range of impressive structures, including the Pyramid of Kukulcán, also known as El Castillo. This step pyramid is famous for its astronomical alignment, as the shadow cast by its steps during the equinox creates the illusion of a serpent slithering down the pyramid. Chichen Itza’s Ball Court, observatory, and Temple of the Warriors showcase the Maya’s advanced understanding of mathematics and engineering.